Tirzepatide.

Tirzepatide represents a significant breakthrough in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or obesity as the first dual agonist of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors. Current analysis of available clinical data demonstrates the exceptional efficacy of tirzepatide in glycemic control, with a dose- and duration-dependent reduction in HbA1c of 20.4-28.2 mmol/mol. Weight reduction reaches 5-20.9 % with 72 weeks of therapy, with the effect being dose-dependent. The mechanism of action includes improved insulin sensitivity, delayed gastric emptying, and modulation of central regulatory centers for food intake. The safety profile is characterized primarily by gastrointestinal side effects with a treatment discontinuation rate of 4-10 %. Tirzepatide also has beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors, including lipid profile and anti-inflammatory biomarkers. A key strategy for optimizing therapeutic outcomes is gradual dose escalation and individualization of treatment according to the patient's clinical condition.