Are Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists and Bariatric Surgery the Answer to Childhood Obesity?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of GLP-1 receptor agonists, and metabolic and bariatric surgery in managing childhood obesity and associated conditions. It discusses current trends, challenges, and the potential of these treatments to improve cardiometabolic health in children and adolescents. RECENT FINDINGS: Lifestyle modifications, though recommended as first-line therapy, show modest efficacy in weight management. GLP-1 receptor agonists like liraglutide and semaglutide have demonstrated significant weight loss and improvement in metabolic outcomes. Bariatric surgery, particularly Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and vertical sleeve gastrectomy have shown substantial long-term benefits in weight reduction and remission of comorbidities in adolescents with severe obesity. While early intervention with lifestyle changes is recommended for prevention and management of obesity in children, pharmacotherapy, and surgical options may be needed. Utilizing these approaches can optimize weight loss and improve long-term health outcomes, highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary strategy to address this growing public health issue.