An update on tirzepatide for the management of type 2 diabetes: a focus on the phase 3 clinical development program.

INTRODUCTION: Tirzepatide, a novel dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (RA), received regulatory approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (13 May 2022) and marketing authorization from the European Commission (25 September 2022) for the improvement of glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In the phase 3 clinical development program (SURPASS), tirzepatide demonstrated superior glycemic and body weight control compared with placebo and active comparators across a spectrum of patients with T2D. AREAS COVERED: This review summarizes efficacy and safety results of the tirzepatide T2D phase 3 clinical trials that supported regulatory approvals. Additionally, it discusses a meta-analysis assessing tirzepatide cardiovascular (CV) safety, and provides a brief overview of ongoing late-stage clinical trials in patients with T2D. Information in this review was acquired from peer-reviewed published trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the manufacturer's website. EXPERT OPINION: Based on phase 3 clinical trial data, tirzepatide is the most potent glucose and body weight lowering agent available for the management of T2D. The potential for tirzepatide to improve CV outcomes is currently being assessed in a CV outcomes trial (SURPASS CVOT). Results of this trial are highly anticipated and expected in 2024.