Effects of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes and stable coronary artery disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.

OBJECTIVE: The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide has been shown to reduce blood pressure (BP) in clinical trials using office BP measurements. However, the effects of liraglutide on 24-h BP and on the diurnal variation in BP have not been explored sufficiently. METHODS: Forty-one patients with type 2 diabetes and stable coronary artery disease were randomized to receive liraglutide or placebo to a backbone therapy of metformin in this double-blind, placebo-controlled 12 along with 12 weeks crossover study. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed at the start and end of each intervention. RESULTS: Twenty-four individuals completed all 24-h BP measurements. Liraglutide, when compared with placebo, did not induce any significant changes in mean 24-h SBP [difference +1.8 mmHg (95% confidence interval, 95% CI: -4.33 to 7.93)] or DBP [+4.2 mmHg (-0.74 to 9.17)]. Twenty-four-hour BP profiles revealed a trend for increase in evening SBP and DBP [+9.2 mmHg (95% CI: 1.1-17.2) and +9.7 mmHg (95% CI: 3.9-15.5), respectively]. Mean heart rate significantly increased after liraglutide [+7.6 bpm (95% CI: 2.56-12.62)]. Liraglutide did not affect the BP variability or the nocturnal BP dipping. CONCLUSIONS: We could not demonstrate any BP-lowering effect of liraglutide when using 24-h ABPM. Liraglutide exhibited diurnal variation in the effect on BP without affecting the BP variability or nocturnal BP dipping.